矿产资源开发利用上线划定方法与应用研究     

刘超  陈甲斌  胡聪 《地球学报》2021,42(2):167-178

加快构建自然(矿产)资源上线,实行资源总量管理,是资源领域贯彻落实中央关于生态文明建设和实现经济转型发展的具体措施.本文分析了矿产资源开发利用上线划定的影响因素,引入开发利用强度和开发利用强度指数,构建了开发利用强度指标体系.以大宗战略性矿产铁矿为例,运用层次分析法对2009—2018年我国铁矿开发利用强度进行了评价,计算并划定了铁矿开发利用强度指数上线.构建了铁矿开发利用上线模型,并在分析钢铁产业发展趋势的基础上基于合理假设划定了未来我国铁矿开发利用上线,研究结果表明,到2020年、2025年、2030年和2035年,我国铁矿石开发利用上线分别为9.03亿吨、8.62亿吨、8.21亿吨和7.9亿吨.  相似文献   

五大连池第四纪火山岩层序划分及其构造与生态意义     

曾普胜  丘顺帆  李睿哲  刘斯文  王十安  赵九江 《地球学报》2021,42(6):785-802

大量前人成果和1:5万区调钻孔资料证实,五大连池第四纪火山地层属于水平岩层.因此,该地区第四纪火山地层的划分,是在地表岩石层序与钻孔岩石层序充分划分与对比的基础上进行的.从沉积角度看,五大连池火山地层属于松嫩盆地连续沉积过程中的第四纪短暂幕式火山喷发所形成的水平岩层.本文结合K-Ar同位素测年新资料,将该区第四纪岩石地层重新划分为11个组级地层单位.其中的火山岩石地层可以自下而上划分为:下更新统焦得布玄武岩(1.214—1.113 Ma);中更新统尾山玄武岩(0.62—0.285 Ma);中更新统笔架山玄武岩(0.24—0.132 Ma)和全新统老黑山玄武岩(距今290～288 a),对夹于其间的正常沉积地层也进行了相应的划分.对层状火山岩层序的层位划分和空间分布研究对于理解五大连池火山群的构造背景和生态环境具有特别重要的意义,五大连池火山群处于中国大陆内部的大同—大兴安岭火山岩带的最北东端,是地幔流体向北东方向流动的最前缘;这类富钾的碱性玄武岩的火山喷发活动对东北富饶的黑土地的形成具有重要贡献,火山岩在嫩江平原上塑造的台地和火山锥地形地貌对生态多样性和优质地下水的生态要素具有重要影响.  相似文献   

基于遥感的大兴安岭小扬气镇用地类型变化及生态环境状况评价     

陈卓  陈建平  周传芳  刘涛  姜平  张起鹏 《中国地质调查》2021,8(6):126-134

大兴安岭小扬气镇位于大兴安岭南部,属大小兴安岭森林生态功能区,森林覆盖率高,湿地资源丰富,曾是木材生产基地。为掌握小扬气镇用地类型现状及其变化,开展生态状况评价,利用多源卫星遥感数据,通过多尺度图像分割、决策树及目视解译等方法分别对该区1985年、1998年、2008年和2018年土地利用类型进行提取,计算生态环境状况指数(I_E),评价生态环境状况。结果表明: 小扬气镇土地利用类型以林地、沼泽、水域为主,三者占研究区总面积的97%以上; 沼泽草地主要由阔叶林转化而来,耕地主要由阔叶林、沼泽草地转化而来,草地主要转化为阔叶林、沼泽草地,阔叶林与沼泽草地之间的相互转化最为剧烈; 新增工矿仓储用地主要占用了原有阔叶林土地,新增住宅用地主要占用了原有的沼泽草地、阔叶林、森林沼泽等。总体来看,区内生态环境状况良好,在维护生态安全、促进当地绿色经济发展中起到了重要作用。  相似文献   

陆地生态系统碳汇在实现“双碳”目标中的作用和建议     

王国胜  孙涛  昝国盛  王棒  孔祥吉 《中国地质调查》2021,8(4):13-19

2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和(简称“双碳”)是我国对国际社会的庄严承诺,已被纳入生态文明建设的总体布局。生态系统碳汇是实现“双碳”目标的重要手段,也是林业和草原实现高质量发展的必然要求。国际有关机构对全球森林、草地和湿地生态系统的碳储量和碳循环进行了评估。自1990年以来,附件一国家(指《联合国气候变化框架公约》附件一列出的经济合作发展组织中所有发达国家和经济转型国家)对本国的碳排放和碳汇进行估算,编制了年度温室气体清单; 我国也编制了5次国家温室气体清单。这些工作对我国开展应对气候变化的研究提供了基础。提出了如下建议: 在编制“双碳” 路线图和时间表时,既要考虑我国生态系统碳汇与能源和工业领域碳排放在区域空间分布和时间维度上的差异性,也要考虑生态系统同时所具有的碳汇和碳排放的特殊性; 生态系统碳汇是碳达峰的非选项,是碳中和的必选项; 生态系统碳汇要遵循国家实现“双碳”目标的基本原则,要将生态系统碳汇作为国家生态建设和保护工程的主要目标,提高碳汇计量和监测能力,完善市场和融资机制。  相似文献   

Using simulated data to investigate the spatial patterns of obesity prevalence at the census tract level in metropolitan Detroit     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Obesity is a serious public health problem in the United States. It is important to estimate obesity prevalence at the local level to target programmatic and policy interventions. It is challenging, however, to obtain local estimates of obesity prevalence because national health surveys such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are not designed to produce direct estimates at the local levels (e.g. census tracts) due to small population samples and the need to preserve individual confidentiality. In this study we address the problem of estimating local obesity prevalence rates by implementing a spatial microsimulation modeling technique to proportionally replicate the demographic characteristics of BRFSS respondents to census tract populations in metropolitan Detroit. Obesity prevalence rates are examined for high and low spatial clusters and studied in relation to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) measures of low-income neighborhoods and local food deserts and CDC's measure of healthy and less healthy food environments currently used to target obesity reduction initiatives. This study found that obesity prevalence was largely clustered in the City of Detroit extending north into contiguous suburbs. The spatial patterns of highest obesity prevalence tracts were most similarly aligned with USDA-defined low-income tracts and CDC's less healthy food tracts. The locations of USDA's food desert tracts rarely overlapped with the highest obesity prevalence tracts. This study demonstrated a new methodology by which to assess local areas in need of future obesity interventions.  相似文献   

Classifying high-prevalence neighborhoods for cardiovascular disease in Texas     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the state of Texas. In order to develop effective healthcare policies to combat CVD, it is essential to understand what types of communities are most affected. In this paper, we develop a classification scheme to segment high-prevalence communities based on selected social and demographic characteristics. We find that while many high-prevalence areas reflect traditional relationships between socioeconomic deprivation and poor health outcomes, a subset of more affluent communities in Texas are also affected. This suggests the importance of tailored approaches to prevention that account for this diversity among high-prevalence neighborhoods.  相似文献   

Shifting production/shifting consumption: A political ecology of health perceptions in Kumaon,India     

《Geoforum》2015

Despite rapid economic growth, India has not seen the improvements in food and nutritional security that other developing countries have had. This “Asian enigma” has generated a wealth of economistic analyses seeking to explain the persistence of poor nutrition, yet few studies have looked at everyday experiences of changing food systems, and how this impacts nutritional practices as well as the processes of subject formation. In this paper, I draw on qualitative research conducted in Uttarakhand, North India and examine how state-led shifts in agricultural production have resulted in changing food consumption practices and diminished perceptions of health. Villagers link this decreased health to increased chemicals in home-produced food, greater dependence on the market for food purchases, and generational changes in dietary preferences. Despite villagers’ cognizance of the negative health effects of these practices, they largely view these byproducts of capitalistic development with an air of inevitability. Following Mansfield (2011) this paper contributes to the political ecology of health literature by employing the concept of food as a “vector of intercorporeality” (Stassart and Whatmore, 2003:449) and bringing this into conversation with a poststructuralist understanding of subjectivity. I argue that within shifting landscapes of agriculture production and food consumption, notions of diminished health are indicative of the complex and always incomplete processes of subject formation. I view shifting health perceptions as intimate bodily resistances to agricultural development, and conclude that within agricultural development programs a focus on bodily health and well-being is a fecund platform for further experimental research that seeks to imagine development differently.  相似文献   

The PISA grammar decodes diverse human–environment approaches     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Human–environment interactions are studied by several groups of scholars who have elaborated different approaches to describe, analyze, and explain these interactions, and eventually propose paths for management. The SETER project (Socio-Ecological Theories and Empirical Research) analyzed and compared how “flag-holders” of distinct school of thought in human–environment scholarship approached a number of empirical problems of environmental management. This paper presents the findings from this experiment by concentrating on how representatives of four schools of thought approached one of these case studies: the plant health crisis in greenhouse tomato production in south of France. Our analysis suggests that these approaches share a common conceptual vocabulary composed of four explanatory elements of change (Power, Incentives, System and Adaptation-PISA). We argue that what distinguishes these schools from one another is the syntax—the “rules” by which researchers in each of the sub-disciplines tend to organize the components of this shared conceptual vocabulary. In other words, the schools under scrutiny are differentiated not so much by what they speak of, but rather in what order, or hierarchy, do they tend to rank the importance and/or the sequence of each of these concepts in human–environment explanations. The results of our experiment support the view that communication and cooperation across the diverse human–environment traditions is possible and productive. At the same time, however, we argue that it is the distinctiveness of the claims yielded by these different schools of thought that augment our collective understanding of complex socio-ecological problems. Attempts to integrate these perspectives in one unitary approach would undermine the intellectual wealth necessary to meet the challenges of the Anthropocene.  相似文献   

建设黄河“智能大脑”服务流域生态保护和高质量发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王家耀  秦奋  郭建忠 《测绘通报》2021,(10):1-8

本文首先介绍了黄河流域水文、地理景观和地貌特征,下游河道变迁和河口变迁历史及生态治理,流域历史水旱灾害等基本背景,分析了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展面临的主要问题和具有的优势。然后重点论述黄河“智能大脑”如何服务流域保护和发展,提出黄河“智能大脑”三要素,即感知系统（天地一体智能感知网）、存储管理系统（资源池）和操作系统（时空大数据平台）;论述了流域一体化时空大数据中心的构成及其基本功能,时空大数据平台及其目标要求,分析并提出了基于网格集成与弹性云的混合式时空大数据平台技术体制和构建技术,提出采用“共用时空大数据平台+”应用概念模型及其具体应用模式。最后讨论了时空大数据平台服务黄河流域城市数字化、网络化和智能化,加强流域上中下游7大城市群的新型智慧城市建设,推动流域生态保护和社会经济发展,提出基于流域时空大数据平台构建服务保护和发展的综合科技信息咨询服务平台,支撑流域协同创新共同体构建,增强流域整体性和协同性发展。  相似文献   

植被生态遥感参数定量反演研究方法进展     

赵燕红  侯鹏  蒋金豹  姜赟  张兵  白君君  徐海涛 《遥感学报》2021,25(11):2173-2197

植被参数是生态遥感定量反演的热点和难点,也是生态系统研究的基础性参数。本文在广泛阅读国内外公开发表的文献资料基础上,将现有的植被生态遥感参数概括为物理类、生化组分类、能量和功能类3大类,系统梳理了每类参数定量反演的主要模型方法,进行优缺点和适用性分析,对现阶段存在的不足和未来发展趋势进行了探讨。物理类植被生态遥感参数主要介绍了植被覆盖度、生物量、叶面积指数、树高等研究进展,生化组分类植被生态遥感参数主要介绍了植被含水量、叶绿素含量和光合能力等研究进展,能量类植被生态遥感参数介绍了光合有效辐射、植被吸收光合有效辐射等研究进展,功能类植被生态遥感参数主要介绍了植被生产力和碳交换量等研究进展。存在的主要问题包括混合像元分解、病态反演、物理模型应用过程中的误差传递、数据融合的尺度效应和空间变异性、模型耦合的最优方案确定问题。  相似文献